Contribution d’une approche participative et des infrastructures de données spatiales pour la conception d’un système régional d’information sur l’eau, étude de cas au bassin Guir-Ziz-Rheris et Maider

Abstract

Integrated Water Resources Management (WRM) is needed to better use of this resource. But this management still difficult due to large number of stakeholders, if we don’t have a strategy to manage data efficiently. In Morocco, the National Water Strategy (MOD, 2009b) defined the institutional water stakeholders and attribute a regulation mission to water department in nation scale and delegate a lot of attribution to hydraulic basin agencies (MDE, 1995) to manage water resources at watershed level with all regional actors such as ONEE, ORMVA, Water & Forests Delegation. Meteorological Centers and also the “Wilaya” as local representative authority and coordinator of all external services, and the “regional council” who represent the citizens of the region. IWRM watershed requires a regular exchange of water information between this stakeholders, scientist and experts, in regional and national scale. This exchange requires better organization of water data from measurement points to archives, especially in crisis situations, such as drought, flood or for climate change impacts. In this context and with emergence of “Web Services” and Free Software we can deploy a Water Information System (WIS) as a solution for better water data management and efficient accessibility, availability and sharing data. This Systems or Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for Water resources is composed by human and financial resources, software and hardware, legal roles, standards and protocols. The combination of all those elements contributes to the harmonization of systems and data. Moreover, the emergence of Open Data movement contributes to better governance and transparency for citizens and interne or extern partners, in this situation, we are obliged to explore and propose suitable models for SDI implementation in Moroccan watershed. This thesis aims to study the current situation of water data in Morocco, from collection at stations to archiving and reusing at hydraulic basin agency. In the second step, we want to explore data coordination level between stakeholders and other actors including scientists, during this water data cycle. In the last step, we conduct and experimentation to design a regional information water system with local actors in Guir-Ziz-Rheris and Maider Basin, with the contribution of free and open source spatial data infrastructure. This prototype is based on geographic standards and OGC web services (WMS, WFS, CSW and SOS) implemented by several open source software as Deegree, OpenGeo Suite, 52° North and GeoNetwork. The uses cases identified for this study are the consultation of hydro-geological map, quantitative and quantitative parameters followed through geoportal, geocatalogue, web sensors and other features, This functionalities are the recommendations of actors who participated in workshops and surveys organized in regional and national scale, during this study.