Profil Épidémiologique d’Insuffisance cardiaque au Maroc – Expérience de Cardiologie B

Abstract

Keywords: Heart failure, epidemiology, Ejection fraction, Cardiovascular risk factors Introduction Heart failure is a complex syndrome despite therapeutic advances, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 64 million patients worldwide. Consequently, efforts to reduce its social and economic burden have become a major global public health priority. Objectives : There are geographic variations in the epidemiology of HF. Data from emerging countries remains largely insufficient, with characteristics considered different from those observed in the West. The aim is to describe the different epidemiological, etiological, and therapeutic aspects of the Moroccan population. Materials and Methods : This is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a sample of 555 patients hospitalized for HF between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. Results : There was a slight male predominance (sex ratio of 1.17), with a median age of 64 years (64 ± 14.8). Hypertension was the most common risk factor (64%), followed by diabetes (58%), smoking (48.5%), obesity (31%), and dyslipidemia (33%). Clinically, 54.7% of patients presented with stage IV dyspnea. The reduced ejection fraction HF phenotype was isolated in 65.7% of cases. The dominant etiology was ischemic heart disease (40%). Optimal treatment was present in only 10.63% of patients. The evolution was marked by an improvement in LVEF (19.7%); rehospitalizations (70%) and death in 9.3% of patients. Conclusion : Our study shows a similarity with the epidemiological data of European registries, while highlighting a challenge of therapeutic optimization, encouraging the development of care structures (day hospital, specialized HF unit) and telemedicine to improve prognosis.